===== page 1 =====

Mal-kah-day-wub, being then called for cross-examination
by the defendant testified as follows:
By Mr. Powell:
Q. You told us the other day that you knew Dah-ko-god?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Dah-ko-god had a son called O-be-tah-wash-kud, didn't he?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And O-be-tah-wash-kud had a son called Mun-e-do-mah-quah?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And Mun-e-do-mah-quah married Shah-go-say?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Was Shah-go-say a full-blood Indian?
A. Not very much.
Q. Who was Shah-go-say's father?
A. Kin-o-go-shig.
Q. Was Kin-o-ge-shig a full blood?
A. I would not tell a lie. No, sir, he was light, that man.
Q. Mun-e-do-mah-quah and Shah-go-say had a child called
Nun-dah-no-nub? A. Yes, sir.
Q. Was he a full blood Indian?
A. I don't know how that would be. His father was an Indian
and his mother half - she had a little white blood.
Q. When the father is an Indian and the mother is a mixed
blood, do you call the children mixed bloods?
A. No, sir.
Q. You would call those children full blood Indians, wouldn't


===== page 2 =====

A. Yes, sir.
you?
Q. If a white man marries an Indian woman and they have a
child, do you call that child a mixed blood?
A. Why, no, the man was the one - I would call them that.
Q. The child of a white man and an Indian woman would be
half one blood and half of the other, wouldn't it?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Now, if this half-blood, half-breed child marries an Indian
and they have children, their children, as I understand you,
are full bloods?
A. No, sir, I would say that they had a little white blood
in them.
Q. Would you call them mixed bloods, then?
A. I would say that were a little mixed bloods - they were
mixed bloods a little - if I know they were in fact.
Q. If you didn't know it, and they lived among the Indians,
and dressed as the Indians did, you would call them full
bloods, wouldn't you?
A. Well, I wouldn't say anything. I would not make up what
to say.
Q. You wouldn't call them mixed bloods, would you?
A. That is what I would say, repeatedly, that they might
be a little white blood; and then I would say a little mixed
blood.
Q. If you knew that they had a little white blood, you would


===== page 3 =====

say they were mixed bloods, is that right?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. When a person only has a little white blood and is living
just as the other Indians live, how can you tell whether
they have any white blood or not?
A. I wouldn't know them, but when I see them I remember them.
Q. Do those people who have some white blood, have a
little white blood, and all of the rest Indian blood, look
any different from the full blood Indians?
A. Yes, they must appear different.
Q. In what way - what would be the difference?
A. They might be light.
Q. They might have curly hair, might they not?
A. I don't know, that might be. Some of them might be of
curly hair.
Q. Some of them had brown hair, too, didn't they?
A. Yes, sir, some of those Indians have brown hair. I don't
know from what cause.
Q. Did you know Sho-gah, the wife of your grandfather Ke-she-
hin-e-go-thig?
A. Yes, sir, I used to see her.
Q. Wasn't she light?
A. Too, she was light when I used to see her.
Q. Didn't she look like a mixed blood?
A. I don't know. Her skin was light - that is as far as I


===== page 4 =====

saw her, on the face and on the arms. Of course, I did not
see her on the body.
Q. And she was light as far as you could see her?
A. Yes.
Q. Her sons were also light, were they not?
A. Yes, it must have been transparent. She had only one
son.
Q. She has a grandson living around here by the name
of Wah-be-shosh, hasn't she?
A. Yes, sir, probably he is here. I heard that he was
at Round Lake.
Q. You used to see him before you lost your sight?
A. Yes, sir, I used to see him at the store here.
Q. Is he a full blood Indian?
A. Yes, he is the one. If you ask him who is father was
he would not know, he could not tell you, he is such a fool.
Q. He is a cousin of yours, isn't he?
A. No, sir, he is my brother.
Q. Do you know John Leesy over at White Earth?
A. No, sir.
Q. Do you know George Berry at White Earth?
A. Not at all.
Q. Do you know the husband of Ko-she-wah, who was here yes-
terday?
A. You, I used to see him.


===== page 5 =====

Mee;
1
Q. Ah-num-ne’ Was he a full blood too?
As He, mot very mueh.
«%. Would yeu oall him a mixed blood?
A.Yos, cir, a little.
Qe I have forgotten whether you told us - I will ask you
agein. De you know Fah-voose-a$-—ke-wensie?
A. Yes, sir.
ae
Was he a full bleed Indian?
A. Bot very mush. I believe he had a little Indian Blood.
&. De you know Pe~-she-xke-, the child of His-ko-ko-nay?
As Yea, sir, I saw hin.
Q. Miewke-ro-may was a child of She-gah you have been
talking about, wee she not?
A. Yea.
Q. Weuld eal] Pe-she-ke full blood Indian? :
you a
A. Yea, sir, that is what I would say ,and that is whet I
oid. ¥
a |
|
Qe Well, now, the people that you have told ua about since
—
—
we have been here, and called full bloode, have been like
|
these :
I have just been asking ebout, haven't they?
Ay They are.
a
|
‘That win. de ai. Thank you very much.


===== page 6 =====

A-dow-ah-oumig-o-quay, being then called for cross-
examination by the defendant, testified as follows;
By Mr. Powell:
Question: How old did you say you were?
Answer: It was named I was that old. Of course, that is what
they say; it was counted that must be my age.
Q. You told us the other day how old you were, and I wanted
you to tell us again.
A. At the time you were asking me of course I did not know,
but the very first time when I was asked I said that I had
two younger brothers or sisters at the time the meteors fell.
I told the questioners at the time that from that they could
find out.
Q. That must have been in 1837, then. Did you ever live at
Leech Lake?
A. Yes, that is where we lived.
Q. You told us that you were born down on the river near Otter
Tail Lake, if I am right?
A. I was told - the story is handed down that I was born
down near Otter Tail river at where they call the last portage,
on an island in the river. That is, the channels changing
around form an island. There is a great big elm on this island.
That is where I was born.
Q. Did you ever visit Lake Superior?
A. When I was a child we went up there. That is, my parents -
those that raised me, went up there.


===== page 7 =====

Q. Yes. The Indians used to go from Leech Lake over to
the traders on Lake Superior to sell their furs, didn't they?
A. I wouldn't know as to that, because I just barely
remember the circumstances at the time we were out there
towards that way.
Q. Were there any mixed bloods living among the Indians when you
were a young woman?
A. I cannot recollect when the mixed bloods were there amongst
Q. Do you know Ah-nun-no, the husband of Ke-zhe-wash?
A. Yes, I used to see him when they came over here.
Q. Didn't you tell us that he was a full blood Indian?
A. I haven't been asked about him.
Q. What would you say he was, a full blood Indian?
A. I don't know whom they were. I could not be positive as
to recognize them, only they lived as Indians.
Q. Did you know his father, Cah-gog?
Q. Was he living at Leech Lake when you were then?
A. No, they came over here at White Earth the first I knew
them.
Q. When did you first see Kin-o-ge-shig, the father of Shah-
jah-gogay?
A. I used to see him. I saw him when he was an old man.
Q. Was he a full blood Indian?
A. I don't know. I would not know. Of course I could not tell


===== page 8 =====

whether he was or not.
Q. Did he live as an Indian, dress as an Indian?
A. Yes, sir, he used to practice medicine. He was a leader
of the Indian medicines.
Q. Did he have a dodaim?
A. I do not know how he was in regards to that.
Q. Was he any lighter than the other Indians?
A. Yes, he was light. This is the first time you asked me
about him. You cannot forget what you have asked me already.
Q. How much white blood must an Indian have before you will
call him a mixed blood?
A. I would not know. I never had any experience as to that -
how much blood they must have. I never see it.
Q. If a white man marries an Indian woman and they have
a child, would you call that child a mixed blood?
A. I do not know what I would say.
Q. You have been asked about a great many people here, and
you have told me that all of them were full bloods.
A. Of course, that - of course I remember what you have
asked me in the past.
Q. What do you understand by the name "mixed blood," or "half-
breed?" What kind of a person do you have in mind?
A. I do not know whom that would be. I never knew that kind of
a person during my growth. That is, while I was growing to
my maturity. He was just as dangerous to us as was the Sioux.


===== page 9 =====

We regard them as the same.
Q. That is, the half-breeds and the mixed bloods?
A. Yes.
Q. Since you have grown up, however, you have become ac-
quainted with some so-called mixed bloods, haven't you?
A. I have never seen a mixed blood.
Q. Have you never seen a mixed-blood since you have lived
at Pine Point?
A. I do not know whether I have seen any mixed bloods, that
you call, here at Pine Point.
Q. Do you know George Andrews, the son of Noah-bow-o-say-quay,
who used to run a store down here?
A. I have never gone into a store to purchase anything.
I don't- I just go to a certain place and settle there; I
never go about.
Q. Then you never know George Andrews?
A. Yes, sir, I never saw him.
Q. Did you know Shah-yah-go-say, the son of Win-a-gu-shig?
A. Yes, sir, I used to see him.
Q. He was very light complected, wasn't he?
A. Not very light.
Q. Did not the Indians call him a mixed blood?
A. I never heard so.
Q. Do you know what we are talking about when we ask whether
a person was a mixed blood or not, when we speak of a
mixed blood?
A. I don't know what you are talking about. I don't know


===== page 10 =====

what may be wrong with me why I cannot understand.
Q. Maybe it is because you have lived always among
the Indians and haven't seen any mixed bloods?
A. We were not a roving people. My parents were not
a roving people. I remember once we were taken down
to where St. Paul is now, and the other one here, mention-
ed before, are the only two instances I know that we were
taken away from our country.
Q. If a man living among the Indians and having nearly
all Indian blood, but had a small amount of white blood -
you would call him a full blood Indian, wouldn't you?
A. Probably. I am not a judge of that blood.
Q. Did you know Mayn-o-go-shig-wabe, the son of Sah-gab-
dab-moom?
A. Yes, I used to hear his name mentioned, but I never saw
him. I just heard about him.
Q. Your father's name was Day-dodge, wasn't it?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And he had a brother called Ah-kah-kon-shay-we-ne-nee?
A. That was his name.
Q. Did they have the same mother?
A. Probably, I guess that is it.
Q. Well, did they have the same father?
A. Their mother's name was Kah-gway. They had the same
father - Gray-do-we.


===== page 11 =====

Q. Didn't Gway-do-we go away and leave Nah-gway for a
number of years at one time?
A. Well, I don't know. I suppose he left her after
she died.
Q. Did you never hear that he went away and left her three
years, and that while he was gone she went away up to Red
Lake with another man?
A. Who?
Q. Nah-gway.
A. These, Ah-kah-kon-zhay-we-ne-nece, you ask me, while
they were very small they became motherless.
Q. Who raised them?
A. They were raised by their uncle, Kah-ah-wid-us.
Q. He at that time lived on Lake Superior, didn't he?
A. He, they were living at Leech Lake.
Q. Then they were not raised by a Frenchman who lived over
east of Leech Lake on Lake Superior?
A. I have just said that Kah-ah-wid-us raised them after
they became orphans.
Q. This man right here who is called Bay-bah-daung-ay-yaush,
is your brother, isn't he?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. He told us this morning that Day-dodge and Ah-kah-iron-
zhay-we-no-nece were raised by a Frenchman over on Lake Su-
perior.


===== page 12 =====

A. It might have been, I don't know.
Q. Did he know more about it than you do?
A. I don't know. Well, he is just of recent date, but
I am farther back. Why don't you know that?
Q. Ah-keh-kon-shay-we-ne-neece spoke French, didn't he?
A. He was not capable by nature to speak French.
Q. Didn't Day-dodge speak French, too?
A. He was not capable by nature that they could speak.
French.
I don't think I'll ask any more. Thank you for your trouble
and patience.