===== page 1 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
Why Are Some Native Nations More
Successful Than Others?
Two Approaches to Community & Economic
Development on Reservations
ooo aoe
fomotandard trey iNation-Bullaing::
Approach Pretty much what we've had for years Approach Driven by Indigenous nations today
a
How do these approaches differ, and why does one
work so much better than the other?
The Standard Approach
Survi 2 £ Non-Indian Governments
To a Native Nation under the Standard Approach:
• Defines "success" as getting
the next grant •
Short-term, not strategic
• Views economic
development as an
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.


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Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
The Six-Step Planning Process
under the Standard Approach
1. Find a good grantwriter
2. Call in the grantwriter and the planners and tell them
to go find some grants
3. Start whatever can be funded
4. Appoint your political supporters or relatives to run
projects
5. Micromanage the projects
6. Pray the projects survive, or that they die after you're
out of office
What Usually Happens Under the
Standard Approach?
• Failed enterprises
A politics of spoils & factions
A brain drain
• Outside perceptions of incompetence and chaos that undermine
the defense of sovereignty
Inside perceptions of incompetence and chaos that undermine
the confidence of the community
• Continuing dependence and poverty
- Real sovereignty hangs by a thread
In short, the standard approach produces a poor
foundation for sustainable development...
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.


===== page 3 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
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Is there an alternative?
The Nation-Building Approach to
Economic Development
1. Sovereignty (the nation calls the shots)
Native nations that have been willing and able to assert self-governing
power have significantly increased their chances of sustainable community
and economic development.
2. Capable governing institutions (back up authority with competence)
The chances of sustainable development rise as Indigenous nations put in
place effective, non-politicized dispute-resolution mechanisms and build
capable bureaucracies.
3. Cultural match (governing institutions match community beliefs about
how authority should be organized)
Institutions that build and innovate upon Indigenous conceptions of
governing responsibilities fare better than those whose form departs from
The Nation-Building Approach to
Economic Development
4. Strategic orientation (decisions are made with long-term priorities in
mind)
Successful Native nations tend to approach development not as a quick fix
for poverty but as a means of building a society that works.
5. Public-spirited leadership (instead of politics as boxing ring where
factions fight to control the goodies)
In successful Indian nations, there is typically a group of individuals who
recognize the need for fundamental change
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.


===== page 4 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
Cultural (Mis)Match in the U.S.
Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
Governments (1934 and after):
Centralized power
Directly-elected executive
• Representative council
No independent judicial function
Politicized business management
Cultural (Mis)Match in the U.S.
Traditional Lakota Government (c. 1850)
Decentralized power
Relatively weak executive
Strong council (parliamentary design: council selects
Shirt Wearers)
Independent judicial and enforcement functions
(akicita societies)
Separation of strategic decisions from day-to-day
business management (delegated authority with real
power)
Results of the
Nation-Building Approach
More effective access to and use of resources
• Increased chances of sustained and self-
determined economic development
A more effective defense of sovereignty
• Communities - not just economies - that work
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.


===== page 5 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
The Nation-Building Approach to
Community Development
6.
Implement them
5. Choose projects
|
4. Craft development policies
|
3. identify strategic priorities/concerns
2. Build capable institutions
[1.
Assert sovereignty
What Kills Success in Nation Building?
Blind
> im) OPe
|
6. Implement them
|
5. Choose projects
|
of Tribal Self-Government
[ |
Service Delivery
Systems & Procedures
Departments & Programs
[
Laws and Regulations of the Nation
Executive, Judiciary, Legislature, Oversight Tribal Constitution,
Charter or Bylaws
Presented by the Native Nations Institute.
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.
g g


===== page 6 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 4: Why Are Some Native Nations More Successful
August 2017 to January 2018
None of the characteristics of the Nation-
Nation-Building approach is something we usually
describe as "economic."
They are all political.
In the Nation-Building approach, economic
development is first and foremost a political
problem.
Once the political problem is solved, then
In short, the nation building approach
provides a more solid foundation for
sustainable development...
~ M r t.
Standard Approach Native Nation-building
Approach
Native Nation-building Continuum
c—— —
Cultural match Captive governing institutions Jurisdiction
Standard
Problem solving Enterprise management Home run strategy
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona.
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.


===== page 7 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 5: Rounds 1-3: How Do We Strengthen the MCT & Band Governments?
August 2017 - January 2018
A Review What Needs to Be Done?
...
Governing a nation Who Should Be
Make and enforce
law
Make and implement decisions
Resolve disputes
Interact productively with other governments
Facilitate and implement a strategic vision
Respond to the needs of citizens
And more...
So who’s doing what?
nee
nni.arizona.edu


===== page 8 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 5: Rounds 1-3: How Do We Strengthen the MCT & Band Governments?
August 2017 - January 2018
Legislature: make laws, determine strategic direction, establish policies and procedures that support those laws and support
Executive'finctions. 1-65
Silent:on. (The Bylaws specify - executive duties of the Chairman.
implement-the xecitive.duties of.the TEC President and =LLBO Ordinance No.-1-1 specifies: .
decisions of the»
provides for Bylaws to be adopted by ordinance executive duties of the Chairman
legislature, adrinister-. for each:RBC.).": ~ =WE Ordinance 1-65 specifies: ~
.
programs, get it done
executive duties of the Chairman Judiciary: & Removal. resolve disputes, provide justice, rule on the constitutionality of laws Silent on judicial functions except for functions under Article Article X Vacancies XV- Manner of Review allows SOI to review any resolution or ordinance =FDL silent on judicial functions =LLBO silent on judicial functions =WE silent on judicial functions NATIVE UDALL CENTER Udall Foundation NATIONS INSTITUTE nni.arizona.edu
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===== page 9 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 5: Rounds 1-3: How Do We Strengthen the MCT & Band Governments?
August 2017 - January 2018
Let’s take alook at what exists (cont'd)
⚫⚫⚫
Elders Council: resolve
ce
cultural matters, protect the =FdL N/A
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-
sacred; provide guidance on
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values Non-existent =LLBO N/A =WE N/A Youth Council: represent youth, build leadership skills Non-existent =FdL Youth Coun =LLBO N/A =WE N/A
:
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Everyone: protect the role of =FdL N/A
government as an expression of community will and values N/A (closest is Article
=LLBO N/A
XIII Rights of Members)
=WE N/A
vied S/ Ses REARS ate apes ees ete: SAS ED fees:
NATIC
INSTITUTE Founded by the United Nations
&
of Arizona
44
Strengthening Indigenous Governance


===== page 10 =====

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution Meetings
Session 5: Rounds 1-3: How do we strengthen the MCT & Band Governments?
August 2017 - January 2018
Small Group Discussion:
ROUND 1: How do we strengthen
the MCT & band governments?
1. What's WORKING with the existing
constitution of the:
- MCT overall?
- Tribal Executive Committee (TEC)?
- Reservation Business Committees
Small Group Discussion:
ROUND 2: How do we strengthen
the MCT & band governments?
2. What's WORKING NOT with the existing
constitution of the:
- MCT overall?
Tribal Executive Committee (TEC)?
- Reservation Business Committees (RBCs)?
Small Group Discussion:
ROUND 3: How do we strengthen
the MCT & band governments?
3. On issues identified in previous rounds,
how might we address some of the key
issues?
Presented by the Native Nations Institute,
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona
Copyright 2017 Arizona Board of Regents. All Rights Reserved.