===== page 1 =====

Shin-aw-wainee, being then called famous-amination
by the defendant, testified as follows:
By Mr. Powell:
Question: Did you ever see a mixed blood?
Answer: Never up to this time; except that it seems just
like yesterday when they came amongst us.
Q. Did the mixed bloods you saw look like the Indians?
A. No, they appeared to me different from the Indians.
They were light, and they wore pants.
Q. Well, did not some of the mixed bloods wear breech-cloths?
A. I never saw them wear breech cloths. The only ones I
saw wear breech-cloths were the Indians.
Q. Did you ever see men wearing breech-cloths who had
curly hair?


===== page 2 =====

A. I never saw any Indian with curly hair. They all
wore two braids running on each side of their heads that
reached away down to their hips.
Q. Did you know White-Min-o-ge-shig, the father of Shah-
yah-go-say?
A. Yes, I used to see him at what they call Otter Tail
Lake when we used to go by there in our migrations.
Q. Did he wear a breech-cloth and braid his hair in two
braids?
A. Yes, sir, he used to have two braids. He wore two
braids; had linen leggings on, and he was a fourth degree
member of the grand medicine. I took part in two of those
rites. I used my own two eyes to see those things.
Q. He used to go on the warpath too, didn't he?
A. Yes, sir, he used to. Let me tell you how I saw him.
He used to build a teepee a distance from the other teepees
and call other warriors to follow him, and he went forth in
quest of the enemy. Are those the deeds of a mixed blood?
Q. He was lighter complected than the other Indians,
wasn't he?
A. I could not say whether he was lighter than the others
because it is so long ago. I cannot recollect. I used
to see him swallow bones about that long (indicating) in
his incantation for eliminating sickness among other fellow-
men. Is this the practice of a mixed blood?


===== page 3 =====

Q. And yet, your brother here, Bay-bah-daming-ay-aush, says
that he was a half-breed?
A. Well, I am just telling you who he was, the way he ap-
peared to me. I don't know what he was except what I saw
of him. I didn't know his father.
Q. You would not call anybody a mixed blood, would you, who
were breech-cloths, and lived like an Indian and went on
the warpath?
A. Well, that is the only way I saw him whom you call
a mixed blood now, when I used to see him sitting with noth-
ing but a thin calico shirt on - the same material for
leggings, sitting close by a canoe, constructing a canoe.
Q. He was living like an Indian, is that what you mean?
A. I am telling you just what I saw of him.
Q. All right, thank you. Now, if there were any others
living among the Indians where you were at that time you
wouldn't know whether they had any white blood or not, any
more than you knew that Min-o-ge-shig had, would you?
A. I didn't know that they were. I am just telling you
what I saw of Min-o-ge-shig, that he was light. That is all
I am saying about the appearance.
Q. You wouldn't have thought him a mixed blood - you wouldn't
have called him a mixed blood unless he wore pants, would
you?
A. It is no concern to me; I would not have said. But I